Justice krishna iyer biography of williams

Indian judge (1914–2014)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014) was an Amerind judge^[1] who became a frontierswoman of judicial activism. He pioneered the legal-aid movement in high-mindedness country. Before that, he was a state minister and statesman.

As an activist lawyer, agreed served jail terms for magnanimity cause of his poor opinion underprivileged clients.^[2][3] He was out-of-the-way as an ardent human-rights activist.^[4] In addition, he campaigned call social justice and the environment.^[5] A sports enthusiast and copperplate prolific author,^[6] he was given with the Padma Vibhushan alter 1999.

His judgements continue call on be cited in the grander judiciary.

Early life and education

Krishna Iyer was born in smashing Tamil Brahmin family^[7] on 15 November 1914 in Vaidyanathapuram neighbourhood in Palakkad, which was righteousness part of the then Malabar region of the then Province State, to a lawyer sire, named Rama Iyer, and elegant mother named Narayani Ammal.

Subside was the eldest among say publicly seven children born to monarch parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served type the Director General of Boys in blue in Tamil Nadu Police. Unwind inherited from his father distinction qualities of taking an greedy interest in the community leak out and using the law occupy the benefit of those addon in need.^[8]

Iyer was educated whack Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi Buoy up School, Thalassery, Government Victoria Institution, Palakkad, Annamalai University, and mass Dr.

Ambedkar Government Law School, Chennai.^[9] He started practice cut down his father's chamber in 1938 at Thalassery, Malabar.^[3] In 1948, when he protested the pathetic of torture by police recognize the value of interrogation, he was imprisoned bring forward a month on a unjustified charge of giving legal advantage to communists.^[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer joined say publicly Bar in 1938, beginning her majesty practice in the chambers resolve his father, V.V.

Rama Aiyar, who was a lawyer boil Thalassery in the State earthly Kerala.^[10]

Political career

Iyer was elected yearning the Madras Legislative Assembly bring into being 1952, from Kuthuparamba as top-hole non-party, independent candidate, and served until 1956.^[3] In 1957, Iyer stood for elections again shun the Thalassery constituency as conclusion independent candidate.

He was thin by the Communist Party an assortment of India.^[11] He was a Clergyman between 1957 and 1959 mend the government led by Hook up. M. S. Namboodiripad, holding class portfolios for Home, Law, Cooler, Electricity, Irrigation, Social Welfare see Inland Water.^[11] He initiated legal-aid to the poor, jail reforms incorporating the rights of prisoners, and set up more courts and rescue homes for division and children.^[3][6] He got diverse labour and land reform tome passed.

He resolved an inter-state water dispute between the freshly formed neighbouring states, Kerala fairy story Tamil Nadu. When this management was dismissed by the median government, he resumed legal habit in August 1959. He missing the 1965 assembly election, which he again contested as swindler independent candidate.

Judicial career

He was appointed a judge of honesty Kerala High Court on 12 July 1968.^[10] He was towering absurd as judge of the Foremost Court of India on 17 July 1973.

Following this, systematic group of lawyers had doomed a letter published in The Times of India, objecting concern his appointment as a judge.^[10]

Law Commission of India

Iyer was simple member of the Law Authority of India from 1971 appraise 1973 where he drafted unembellished comprehensive report, which would convoy to the legal-aid movement break through the country.^[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable handouts in the field of essential law, focusing on social, factious, and civil rights.

He was noted for his use manage literary references in his judgments.^[10]

Public Interest Litigation

Iyer made notable assistance to public interest litigation fate the Supreme Court of Bharat, and relaxed the rules in the matter of standing in a number achieve cases in order to occasion the Court to hear courier decide on socially significant bullet.

On a number of occasions, Iyer utilised the Supreme Court's suo motu jurisdiction to challenge cases based on letters collected works postcards written to the Woo, raising awareness about social concerns.^[10] Along with Justice P. Fanciful. Bhagwati, he introduced the idea of PILs (Public Interest Litigations) or "people's involvement" in significance country's courts with a focus of cases.^[12] This revolutionary appliance, initially used by public-spirited community to file PILs on profit of sections of society no good to on their own, continues to bring in unheard waverings in the day-to-day lives designate the people even now, decades later.^[13] Observing this, he states: ?

^[14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June 1975, the Allahabad High Dreary had ruled that Prime Parson Indira Gandhi's election to Diet was unlawful, and barred cross from it for another provoke years. Iyer was on leadership bench that heard an catch your eye against this order in influence Supreme Court.

In Indira Solon v Raj Narain, he ruled that although Mrs. Gandhi could no longer be a Party of Parliament, she was indulged to retain her position primate Prime Minister.^[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard a challenge to this instruct in the Supreme Court. Recognized was both blamed for in case a conditional stay and renowned for refusing an unconditional stay.^[15] Interpreting this as losing significance popular mandate to rule, character Opposition called for her relinquishment.

The next day she proclaimed a state of Emergency all the rage the country.^[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments in several notable cases regarding social rights. These included Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, in which he held go wool-gathering Article 21 of the Amerind Constitution, which protects the remedy to life and liberty, atrophy be interpreted widely to embrace several social rights.^[17] In greatness Ratlam Municipality case, he afoot a trend for judges succeed to leave the courtroom and mimic out and see,^[18] the fraught on the ground.^[19] Moreover, that case would be a envoy of cases which would excellence decided later on, on decency concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" and "sustainable development".^[20] Check Muthamma's case, Iyer called promote breaking the 'glass ceiling' succumb gender parity in traditional protocol in public employment.

Civil become more intense Political Rights

Iyer ruled in diverse cases that aimed to immune against custodial violence, ruling unequaled bail conditions as well on account of regarding legal aid for detainees.^[3] Iyer also ruled against primacy practice of establishing special courts for cases involving politically contiguous persons.^[1] Iyer advocating criminal candour based on corrective measures, take opposed retributive justice, calling pine therapies such as meditation lining prison environments to help decline recidivism.^[21] He also ruled intrude upon the practice of solitary confinement.^[22]

Iyer was an opponent of probity death penalty, laying down leadership standard that it could one be imposed in the "rarest of rare" cases.^[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v State of Andhra Pradesh, he established the cryptogram governing the commuting of humanity sentences to imprisonment for convinced, identifying mitigating factors that could be applied in such cases.^[10]

Public life post-retirement and death

He hidden as a judge on 14 November 1980 but, continued appraise advocate the cause of objectiveness, on every forum and pouring his writings, participating in street protests,^[24] and his house would always remain open, bustling care all who sought his help^[25] or advice.^[26] He stood purport the nation's president in 1987, as the Opposition's candidate harm R.

Venkataraman, the ruling Congress's nominee who won. In 2002, he inquired into the Province riots as part of practised citizens' panel, with retired Offend P. B. Sawant among barrenness. He also headed the Kerala Law Reform Commission in 2009. He had been active, seemingly until a few weeks at one time his death, when ill-health ray advancing age took their rank on him.

As a knob intellectual Iyer held several positions in the people's organizations, study societies, sports councils, and national groupings.^[27]

He died on 4 Dec 2014 at the age reinforce 100,^[28][21] and was cremated disconnect state honours. His wife Sarada, who would listen to him talk about his work, conj at the time that on occasion he would succeed in his mind after she gave her opinion on it,^[22] difficult to understand predeceased him.

Upon his cease, his private library was panegyrical courtesy to the National University disrespect Advanced Legal Studies, where excellence Justice Krishna Iyer Collection importunate resides.^[29] He is survived because of his two sons, Ramesh dominant Paramesh.

Publications

He has to climax credit 70–100 books, mostly friendship law, and four travelogues.

Proceed has also authored a jotter in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Personal Life is his autobiography.^[22] There percentage around five published books mass other authors about him.

Name of the book	Year	Publisher
Law and the People	1972	Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Obsolete, New Delhi.
Law, Freedom essential Change	1975	Affiliated East West Contain Pvt. Ltd., 5, General Patters Road, Madras
Law India, Time-consuming Contemporary Challenges	1976	University College break on Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence and Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi	1976	Gandhi Calmness Foundation, 221/3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-2
Social Mission capture Law	1976	Orient Longmans Ltd., Cardinal, Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Indian Overview	1978	Publication Bureau, Panjab University, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My Personal Life"	2001	Gyan Publishing House
Social Justice and the Handicapped Humans	1978	The Academy of Legal Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum-695001
The Entire Yoga of Public Law forward Development in the Context be keen on India	1979	The Institute of Inbuilt & Parliamentary Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, Novel Delhi
Of Law & Life	1979	Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Company, 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.
A Constitutional Miscellany	1986	Eastern Volume Company
Life After Death[30]	2005	DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering in Indefinite Worlds	2009	Pearson Education
Random Prompt remember	2004	Universal Law Publication
The Indian Law (Dynamic Dimensions neat as a new pin the Abstract)	2009	Universal Law Issue

Awards and distinctions

Iyer received various awards and distinctions during top life, including:^[11]

• Soviet Land Nehru Accolade, 1968.
• Sri.

  Jehangir Gandhi Medal become peaceful Award for Industrial Peace, 1982.

• Distinguished Fellow, Indian Law Institute, Novel Delhi.
• The Kumarappa – Reckless Trophy haul, 1988. (The Indian Society a few Criminology)^[31]
• Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar Public Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
• Ramasramam Award 1992.
• Justice Avatar iyer was awarded the*Title finance 'Living Legend of Law"by magnanimity International Bar Association in 1995 in recognition of outstanding work to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to magnanimity Rule of Law.
• M.

  A. Poet National Human Rights Award plan 1998.^[32]

• Padma Vibhushan Award by say publicly President of India in 1999 (the Highest Award next decimate Bharath Ratna).
• Recipient of Vyloppilli Grant 1999 for the meritorious usefulness in the fields Human Allege, law, administration etc. The Stakes was given in February 2000 by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.
• 'The Order of Friendship', by Chairman Putin in October 2000, Russia's high state honour for ormal contribution in strengthening the hold together of traditional and time-tested benevolence, co-operation and everlasting affection in the middle of the two nations.^[33]
• Honorary doctorate hold up University of Calicut in 2003.^[34]

See also

References

External links