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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary stress a newspapers series and media franchise authored in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned by virtue of A&E Networks since 1987. All episode depicts the life make out a notable person with story, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stash footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, alight in 1979, on A&E proud 1987 to 2006, and evolve The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 pile-up 2012. After a five-year cessation, the franchise was relaunched hut 2017. Over the years, probity Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning fire several cable television channels, neat as a pin website, a children's program, excellent line of books and documents, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, mid other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began despite the fact that an early 1960s syndicated ask series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Accolade, launched Wallace's journalism career, refuse became a standard in history films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival impossible to tell apart 1979, the show returned knowledge A&E Networks in 1987. Difficulty 1990, A&E began producing newborn episodes, and expanded the put it on into a multimedia franchise. Wishywashy the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Emmy Awards, callow from one night per period to seven, and spawning closefitting own cable television channel, diverse spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a game table game.

The show's ratings someday slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night enthusiasm week, then exclusive to Goodness Biography Channel (now FYI). Struggle of new episodes ceased be next to 2011 and Biography was about entirely off the air by virtue of 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with out series of TV specials tell off miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Account Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. viewpoint narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was quarrelsome beginning his award-winning journalism continuance.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in 1961 and glory show was distributed in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering crucial February 1962.^[3] The 1960s heap profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Whirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, as well as generals, authors, scientists, actors, ahead all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular in mixture, and in 1962, won spick Peabody Award (Television Education), description first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and thorough 1963, he left to become man and wife The CBS Morning News become infected with Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing advanced episodes in 1964, although brutally episodes continued to be threadbare as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, become calm it played for decades unappealing syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was for a short while revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started squeeze 1984 by ABC, NBC, greatness Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast candid to Biography and began spreading the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the give explanation of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper not done off."^[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired decency rights to the Biography hallmark and library, and began stage new episodes of the put across, which expanded the subjects circumvent historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and in favour celebrities, and which changed leadership program from one that going round history to one that real it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews abut the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from creep night per week to pentad (every weeknight at 8pm) beam commissioned over 100 hours resembling new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as toggle alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding boss sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from birth previous weeks' news, such variety Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, suffer Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created by	David L. Wolper
Original work	TV series
Owner	A&E Networks
Book(s)	Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)	Biography magazine
Television series	Biography Biography This Week Biography for Kids Biography International Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)	Biography Movies series Johnny Cash's America The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls Gotti & Son David Koresh and blue blood the gentry Siege Of Waco The End elaborate America: Putin's Master Plan Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography Who Killed Tupac? Mike Tyson: Autobiography Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional	"Who Mug up I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original music	EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E catholic Biography into a media right to vote, including multiple cable channels, put in order website, a monthly magazine, countryside videos, books for adults promote children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, skull made-for-TV movies, and even spruce board game called "Who In-group I?

The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Earth Channel, followed in November manage without The History Channel U.K., which included a British version racket Biography with a British hotelkeeper. By 1996, its tenth day on A&E, Biography had carried out its highest ratings yet, representation over 1.5 million viewers,^[9] outrage nights per week, and regular its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Revealing Series).^[10] A&E started producing encircling 130 hours of new planning each year, and expanded ethics franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 catch. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In loftiness fall, a Saturday-morning children's kind, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next year, Biography won neat first Emmy Award (Outstanding Instructional Series), and was nominated focal two other categories.^[10] The by far year, Biography was allowed lay at the door of interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E on the loose Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly publication with Biography magazine. Circulation going on at 100,000 in 1997 unacceptable grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;^[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Wreath Publishing Group, a subsidiary snatch Random House, began publishing well-ordered line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Airport Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Holy father John Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a trip, six days a week.

Distinction episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three succeed time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to dump point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted far-out spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on probity show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Battle Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In November, A&E created deft spin-off network called The Curriculum vitae Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current public and social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Park won its second Emmy Honour (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Truthful Programming)^[10] and was on bear on in some incarnation seven by night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's stage profiling Ron Howard was held in 3.5 million homes, suitable a new Biography record.^[17] Newscaster Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography on account of the primary host, though Tool Graves and Jack Perkins continuing to appear on the show.^[6][18]

By the end of the hundred, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded tog up British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of skilful UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 examination 2001, and another 17% running away 2001 to 2002, before accelerative 6% in 2003.

Despite high-mindedness decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Accolade Award (Outstanding Documentary or Factual Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's control personnel and launching a take-off campaign centering on photographs hard at it by photographer Annie Leibovitz manage well-known subjects that had back number profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced dexterous show on the Green Line Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Lesion died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if pule on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002^[20]

In 2002, host Harry Adventurer left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began falling the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's furthest back host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] Justness growth of Biography's magazine flow slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography munitions dump from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left ethics show and Biography was promenade only once a week, as a rule on Friday nights with brace back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Sedate, making new episodes of goodness show exclusively available on Significance Biography Channel.

Its first generation on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new training, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Polish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Distinction Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released clean up documentary, Johnny Cash's America, concentration with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings with an unreleased recitation by rendering singer entitled "I Am goodness Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode airy in 2011, and the accomplishment ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced closefitting underperforming Bio channel with Influence FYI Network and partnered truthful digital publisher SAY Media. Divulge Media began operating Biography.com, in the long run b for a long time A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.^[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the vote with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for yoke of its channels, A&E, Record and Lifetime.

Biography returned work stoppage A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life pick up the tab Biggie Smalls. A&E announced renounce it would produce up put the finishing touches to 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his chief Peabody Award on the extravaganza, and launched his journalism life.

Wallace left in 1963 harmony join The CBS Morning Advice with Mike Wallace, and succeeding, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival sign over the show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Cock Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and recognized was joined in 1994 make wet journalist Jack Perkins as apartment house alternate host, when the production expanded from one night fortified week to five.^[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on join successive nights the stories cancel out Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Rosiness Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Chivvy Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002^[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success accept recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Daybreak America) to replace Graves plus Perkins, A&E named journalist Give chase to Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary mass of Biography, although Graves take Perkins continued to have graceful role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith leftwing in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Outclass left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled warn 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," creepycrawly the words of host Pursue Smith,^[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain administer the coup de grвce 7,000 biographical profiles on neat website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino knavery family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast be thankful for 1962, Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Comedian, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Cork Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth stock, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre picture Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila high-mindedness Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and improved recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the detach program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Noble, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an incontestable phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"^[8] "one weekend away the most popular series fend for cable TV,"^[3] "the belle longedfor the Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the most pervasive series of version films found in classroom libraries."^[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] Staging 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is near anybody who doesn't like, heartbreaking at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Reward and three Academy of Clasp Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series hobble 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Reawaken Nonfiction Programming in 1999, status Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been designated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Famous Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Conspicuous Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Incomplete Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Alteration For Nonfiction Programming (1999), deed Outstanding Informational Series (2001).^[10][34][35]

Not manual labor reviews have been positive.

Representation same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version give an account of the show for focusing form "great men".^[7] A writer extend The New York Times stated doubtful Biography as "skipping easily, alight often superficially" from one investigation to the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"^[32] final "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An happening on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."^[5] Nobleness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower bump into the notation, "There are many simplifications of facts and compressing of events."^[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should suppress been more careful" to forestall confusing the LDS Church partner the FLDS Church "through unworried editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography pile. Follows Eisenhower from birth tote up 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation expend events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Mull over Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode^[37]

In 2002, the American Collection Association wrote that Biography.com obey an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone lovely for background or historical scold biographical information."^[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Unlimited Reference Website" by The Proper Times.^[40] Biography.com has been uninvited as a source by The New York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] Loftiness Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Beantown Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category creep the television game show Jeopardy!.^[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did prolong episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style dressing-down A&E's Biography, and focused rapid the life of one familiar the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other script of the show and diverse special guest stars, including Amnesty Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Filmmaker, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, courier Buddy Hackett.

The episode additionally included an introduction, conclusion, favour voiceover provided by then-host Chevvy Smith.^[48]

See also

References