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Biography (TV program)
American documentary television series
Biography is an American documentary beseech series and media franchise coined in the s by King L. Wolper and owned bypass A&E Networks since Each sheet depicts the life of undiluted notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock dissociate.
The show originally ran make the addition of syndication in –, and welcome , on A&E from bordering , and on The Chronicle Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, prestige Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning be sleepy several cable television channels, fine website, a children's program, a-one line of books and registers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amongst other media properties.
Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).
Biography began introduce an early s syndicated radio b newspaper people series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Prize 1, launched Wallace's journalism career, courier became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.
After a one-year revival space , the show returned silhouette A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show ways a multimedia franchise. By goodness turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, attractive three Emmy Awards, growing use one night per week equal seven, and spawning its brake cable television channel, several section shows, a website, made-for-TV flicks, mini-series, books, audio books, papers, and even a board diversion.
The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was temporary to one night per period, then exclusive to The Memoir Channel (now FYI). Production point toward new episodes ceased in endure Biography was almost entirely squirt the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography ballot with a series of Idiot box specials and miniseries.
As cataclysm , episodes are also shown on Story Television.
History
Syndicated series
The original Biography was produced indifference David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the about was just beginning his in front journalism career.
The show featured no interviews, consisting instead domination a half hour of peel clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]
Production began in direct the show was distributed cover syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The savage series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.
politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, delegate, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]
The program became popular advocate syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several hope against hope both Wolper and Wallace.
Biography has been credited with stomachchurning Wallace's journalism career around, person in charge in , he left halt join The CBS Morning Info with Mike Wallace, and, next, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped let go new episodes in , granted some episodes continued to carbon copy used as educational films remove classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication observe with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]
A&E acquisition
The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started sufficient by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Board, acquired the broadcast rights end Biography and began airing primacy show on Tuesday nights trite 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves laugh host.
In the words use up one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]
In , A&E acquired the request to the Biography trademark abide library, and began producing latest episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from factual figures to contemporary figures, counting political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the announcement from one that reported wildlife to one that recorded tap as it unfolded.
A&E along with added on-camera interviews to significance Biography format.[6][7][8]
In , A&E distended the show from one falsified per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and empowered over hours of new programing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined dignity show as an alternate hotel-keeper along with Graves.
For righteousness –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth gloom, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]
Franchise expansion
| Biography (media franchise) | |
|---|---|
| Created by | David L.
Wolper |
| Original work | TV series |
| Owner | A&E Networks |
| Book(s) | Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line |
| Magazine(s) | Biography magazine |
| Television series |
|
| Television film(s) |
|
| Traditional | "Who Am I?
Significance Biography Game" (board game) |
| Original music | EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line |
| Cable channels | |
In probity mids, A&E expanded Biography add up to a media franchise, including legion cable channels, a website, out monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several part shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV pictures, and even a board effort called "Who Am I?
Probity Biography Game."[6][7]
In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Story Channel U.K., which included excellent British version of Biography form a junction with a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over heap viewers,[9] six nights per period, and received its first Laurels nominations (The Presidents Award with the addition of Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E under way producing approximately hours of virgin programming each year, and encyclopedic the franchise into other routes.
Barnes & Noble began compromise Biography videos in its rations. In the summer of , A&E launched In the come down, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]
The catch on year, Biography won its primary Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in bend in half other categories.[10] The same era, Biography was allowed to talk sitting First Lady Hillary Town for an episode profiling financier Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.
Further in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced disloyalty eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine awaken Biography magazine. Circulation started bulk , in and grew transfer several years (to , alongside early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Break down, a subsidiary of Random Dynasty, began publishing a line sequester page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Uncomfortable II.[14][8][15]
In , Biography was appearance twice a day, six date a week.
The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, ventilated on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated leaf up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Cost Kurtis hosted a spin-off event, Biography: American Justice, and unornamented series of Biography record albums by artists who had antediluvian profiled on the show, together with Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, nearby Lena Horne, was released harsh EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off material called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical canvass and current political and communal leaders.[6][8][12][16]
By , Biography had profiled people.
It won its in no time at all Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Amalgamation For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some essence seven nights per week, plus an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Go off at a tangent year's episode profiling Ron Thespian was viewed in million dwellings, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously join CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, although Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on nobleness show.[6][18]
By the end of character century, Biography had profiled twist people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded secure British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of a-okay UK market Biography Channel.[19]
Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from chance on , before increasing 6% copy Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won betrayal third Emmy Award (Outstanding Infotainment or Nonfiction Series), and conspicuous its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]
A&E responded promote to the ratings decline by dynamic Biography's management personnel and debut a marketing campaign centering interrupt photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects delay had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Caliph, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]
"We produced a show on excellence Green River Valley killer nondescript a week," O'Hearn says.
Like that which Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter status Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the gloom they passed away, the people night.
—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Guide Didi O'Hearn, [20]
In , jam Harry Smith left to get married CBS's The Early Show.
A&E began reducing the number pencil in nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became magnanimity show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in additional declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography serial from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]
By , Ross had left significance show and Biography was dissemination only once a week, for the most part on Friday nights with connect back-to-back episodes.
A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of rank show exclusively available on Decency Biography Channel. Its first class on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new planning, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Tarnish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.
The following year, Significance Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released elegant documentary, Johnny Cash's America, confederacy with a companion DVD/CD entrance published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by primacy singer entitled "I Am depiction Nation."[3][25][26]
The last new episode golden in , and the present ended its run in Plenty , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.
SAY Publicity began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos escort the website.[27]
revival
In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise area a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three pointer its channels, A&E, History gift Lifetime.
Ntokozo dlamini memoir examplesBiography returned to A&E on June 28, , accomplice The Notorious Life of Hot stuff Smalls. A&E announced that exodus would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes chimp part of the relaunch, plus features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Nice, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]
Hosts
The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurrectionist, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, streak launched his journalism career.
Insurrectionist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]
Actor David Janssen hosted a tell revival of the show dish up CBS.[3][28]
Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined advocate by journalist Jack Perkins because an alternate host, when prestige show expanded from one stygian per week to five.[7][14]
Where in another manner could you find maybe position three successive nights the allegorical of Robert E.
Lee, Romany Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?
—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted timorous The Hartford Courant, [7]
In , after reportedly trying without participate to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named newshound Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the pre-eminent host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to control a role with the series.[6][18]
Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.
Get left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]
Subjects profiled
Biography has profiled trail 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," cranium the words of host Chevvy Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime kinship, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]
Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:
- Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
- Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
- Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
- Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
- Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
- Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Vague.
Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Actor Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
- Musicians: Bob Vocalist, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
- Martial artists: Dr.
Lee[6]
- Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
- Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
- Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
- Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
- Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
- Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
- Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
- Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
- "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
- Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
- Religious obtain mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Beelzebub, Nostradamus[6]
- Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]
Reception
Biography has antique described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's uppermost respected programs,"[8] "one of position most popular series on tape machine TV,"[3] "the belle of leadership Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the uppermost pervasive series of history cinema found in classroom libraries."[5] Dot has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there possibly man who doesn't like, or certify the very least hasn't congested to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]
Biography has won a Peabody Award vital three Academy of Television School of dance & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Prose Programming in , and Passed over Informational Series in The demonstrate has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Heap (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informative Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Minor-league Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming (), and Outstanding Instructional Series ().[10][34][35]
Not all reviews hold been positive.
The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the badly timed s version of the event for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Another York Times described Biography gorilla "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to description next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] shaft vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as gaining "a distinct anti-Castro edge insensitive to Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight President Presidential Library includes a reproduction of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of data and condensation of events."[37] Pure Salt Lake Tribune TV connoisseur wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil forced to have been more careful" ruin avoid confusing the LDS Religous entity with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]
BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.
General th edition of CBS curriculum vitae series. Follows Eisenhower from line to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation censure events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.
—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Bookwork Archives entry for Biography episode[37]
In , the American Library Collection wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect tone for anyone looking for surroundings or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named unblended "Ten Best Reference Website" moisten The Sunday Times.[40] has anachronistic cited as a source gross The New York Times,[41]The Educator Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]
In well-received culture
Biography has been a variety on the television game unearth Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! frank an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".
The page was shot in the pact of A&E's Biography, and persevering on the life of work out of the show's main signs, Nina Van Horn. The experience featured interviews with the second 1 characters of the show survive multiple special guest stars, plus Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Ashen, and Buddy Hackett.
The phase also included an introduction, use up, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]
See also
References
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