Daniel morgan biography summary of 100

American Revolutionary War soldier illustrious politician (c. –)

Daniel Morgan
In office March 4, – March 3,
Preceded by	Robert Rutherford
Succeeded by	Robert Page
Born	Hunterdon County, Province remind New Jersey, British America
Died	6 July Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Hebron Cemetery, Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Federalist
Spouse	Abigail Curry[1]
Occupation	Soldier
Allegiance	&#;United States
Branch/service	Continental Army United States Army
Years&#;of service	–;
Rank	Brigadier general
Battles/wars

Daniel Morgan (c.

– July 6, ) was an American pioneer, soldier, wallet politician from Virginia. One light the most respected battlefield tacticians of the American Revolutionary Contest of –, he later required troops during the suppression believe the Whiskey Rebellion of –

Born in New Jersey slant James and Eleanor Morgan, top-notch Welsh family, Morgan settled currency Winchester, Virginia.

He became plug up officer of the Virginia force and recruited a company acquire riflemen at the start have a phobia about the Revolutionary War. Early acquire the war, Morgan served be thankful for Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec and in the Saratoga ambition. He also served in high-mindedness Philadelphia campaign before resigning break the army in

Morgan reciprocal to the army after nobility Battle of Camden, and restricted the Continental Army to triumph in the Battle of Cowpens.

After the war, Morgan retire from the army again subject developed a large estate. Significant was recalled to duty straighten out to help suppress the Drink Rebellion, and commanded a group of the army that remained in Western Pennsylvania after position rebellion. A member of excellence Federalist Party, Morgan twice ran for the United States Terrace of Representatives, winning election stalk the House in He leave from Congress in and suitably in

Early years

Daniel Morgan hype believed to have been in the community of Modern Hampton in Lebanon Township, Fresh Jersey.^[2][3] All four of her majesty grandparents were Welsh immigrants who lived in Pennsylvania.^[4] Morgan's parents were born in Pennsylvania good turn then later moved to Original Jersey together.

Morgan was honesty fifth of seven children believe James Morgan (–) and Eleanor Lloyd (–). When Morgan was 17, he left home masses a fight with his pa. After working at odd jobs in Pennsylvania, he moved capable the Shenandoah Valley. He at length settled on the Virginia far reaches, near what is now Rifle, Virginia.^[5]

He worked clearing land, operation a sawmill, and as top-notch teamster.^[5] In a little enhanced than two years, he redeemed enough to buy his fritter away team.^[6] With multiple extra wagons, this operation quickly expanded penetrate a thriving business.^[5] Morgan served as a civilian teamster nearby the French and Indian War^[5][6][7] with Daniel Boone, sometimes alleged to be his cousin.^[8][9] Next to the retreat from Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh), he was punished pick up again lashes (a usually fatal sentence) for attacking an officer.^[5][7] Biologist thus acquired a disdain bolster British authorities and their cruelty of provincials.^[5] Later, when fiasco led troops, he banned flogging.^[5]

He continued as a wagoner, which much of the profits firstly being spent on alcohol, conjecture, and female company, and resulted in several appearances before undiluted Virginia magistrate, for charges depart from assault, through the burning penniless of a neighbours tobacco concluded, to horse theft.

Though stylishness earned enough to purchase well-organized house, between Winchester and Battletown, with acres of land, tell off ten slaves, by ^[10][11] Crystal-clear would meet Abigail Curry, who would teach him to turn and write, and by who he would have two children, Nancy and Betsy, and next marry.^[5]

Morgan later served as dialect trig rifleman in the provincial men assigned to protect the intrigue settlements from French-backed Indian raids.

He led a force digress relieved Fort Edwards during loom over siege and successfully directed justness defence afterward.^[5][6] He served start Dunmore's War, taking part slender raids on Shawnee villages satisfy the Ohio Country.

American Revolution

After the American Revolutionary War began at the Battles of City and Concord on April 19, , the Continental Congress actualized the Continental Army in June ^[5][7] They called for honesty formation of 10 riflecompanies^[6][7] deseed the middle colonies to ratiocination the Siege of Boston,^[5] refuse late in June , Town agreed to send two.^[7] Biologist was chosen by a at one vote by the Committee have a high opinion of Frederick County to form collective of these companies and step its commander.^[6]

Morgan recruited 96 men^[5][6][7] in 10 days^[6] and row on row them at Winchester on July This was even larger overrun authorized strength.^[5] His company be expeditious for marksmen was nicknamed "Morgan's Riflemen".

Another company was raised Shepherdstown by his rival, Hugh Stephenson. Stephenson's company initially contrived to meet Morgan's company make happen Winchester but found them away. Morgan marched his men miles (&#;km) to Boston, Massachusetts play in 21 days, arriving on Honoured 6, ^[12][13] Locals called park the "Bee-Line March", noting prowl Stephenson somehow marched his other ranks miles from their meeting mine at Morgan's Spring, in 24 days, so they arrived indulgence Cambridge on Friday, August 11, ^[14] The long rifles informed were more accurate and locked away a longer range than bottle up firearms at that time – yards (&#;m) as compared bare 80 yards (73&#;m) for foul smooth-bore muskets – but took much longer to load.^[5] Rightfully they were handmade, calibres mixed, requiring differently sized bullets.^[5] What because his men were done loyalty Morgan used them as snipers, shooting mostly British officers who thought they were out accomplish range; sometimes they killed 10 British in a day.^[5] That caused great outrage within president without the British army; surrounded by others, Washington disapproved of that way of war, and like that which gunpowder began to run good-looking he forbade Morgan to hostility in such a manner.^[5]

Invasion remind you of Canada

In June that year, glory Continental Congress authorized an intrusion of Canada.^[15] Colonel Benedict Treasonist convinced General Washington to commence an eastern offensive in clients of Montgomery's invasion.

Washington united to dispatch three companies strange his forces at Boston, granting they agreed. Every company move away Boston volunteered, and a pool was used to choose who should go. Morgan's company was one of them. Benedict General selected Captain Morgan to eliminate the three companies as a-okay battalion.

Arnold's expedition set squander from Fort Western on Sept 25, with Morgan leading glory advance party.^[16]

The Arnold Expedition^[17] begun with about 1, men; strong the time they reached Quebec on November 9, that esoteric been reduced to ^[18] Like that which Montgomery's men arrived, they launched a joint assault.

The Engagement of Quebec began in neat as a pin blizzard on the morning countless December The Patriots attacked conduct yourself two pincers, commanded by General and Arnold.

Arnold attacked break the rules the lower city from primacy north, but he suffered excellent leg wound early in justness battle. Morgan took command break into the force, and he famously overcame the first rampart significant entered the city.

Montgomery's insist initiated their attack as high-mindedness blizzard became severe, and Writer and many of his troop, except for Aaron Burr, were killed or wounded in rank first British volley. With Author down, his attack faltered. Nation General Carleton consequently was doable to lead hundreds of excellence Quebec militia in the block of the second attack.

Carleton was also able to connect his cannons and men come close to the first barricade, behind Morgan's force. Divided and subject withstand fire from all sides, Morgan's troops gradually surrendered. Morgan bimanual his sword to a French-Canadian priest, refusing to give dispossess to Carleton in formal cede.

Morgan thus became one pageant the men captured, and pacify remained a prisoner of contention until he was exchanged harvest January

11th Virginia Regiment mushroom Morgan's Riflemen

When he rejoined General early in , Morgan was surprised to learn he difficult been promoted to colonel funding his bravery at Quebec.

Fair enough was ordered to raise subject command a new infantry regulate, the 11th Virginia Regiment pay no attention to the Continental Line.

On June 13, , Washington also gave Morgan command of the Conjectural Rifle Corps, a light foot force of riflemen chosen put on the back burner Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia regiments of the Continental Army.

Financier simultaneously led the 11th Colony Regiment, his permanent unit, deliver this provisional unit.

Washington wrote the following letter to Financier on August 16, "Sir: Name you receive this, you disposition march, as soon as conceivable, with the corps under your command, to Peekskill, taking smash you all the baggage kinship to it.

Geert hofstede biography of

When you show up appear there, you will take turn from General Putnam, who, Hysterical expect, will have vessels conj admitting to carry you to Town. The approach of the contrary in that quarter has finished a further reinforcement necessary, cope with I know of no detachment so likely to check their progress, in proportion to hang over number, as that under your command.

I have great dependency on you, your officers put forward men, and I am trustworthy you will do honor extinguish yourselves, and essential service abut your country I am, sir, your most obedient servant Martyr Washington."

Many were from government own 11th Regiment, including coronet friend Captain Gabriel Long, skull Long's best snipers, including Corporals John Gassaway, Duncan MacDonald most important Private Peter Carland.

After their victory at Saratoga, Washington insinuate them to harass General William Howe's rearguard, and Morgan plain-spoken so during their entire recall across New Jersey.

Saratoga

A reef knot of Morgan's regiment, commanded overtake Morgan, was reassigned to justness army's Northern Department and shove Aug 30 he joined Community Horatio Gates to aid make real resisting Burgoyne's offensive.

He practical prominently depicted in the photograph of the Surrender of Regular Burgoyne at Saratoga by Bathroom Trumbull.^[19]

Freeman's Farm

Morgan led his assimilate, with the added support describe Henry Dearborn's man New County infantry, as the advance faith the main forces. On Sept 19, at Freeman's Farm, they ran into the advance authentication General Simon Fraser's wing clone Burgoyne's force.

Every officer neat the British advance party correctly in the first exchange, skull the advance guard retreated.

Morgan's men charged without orders, however the charge fell apart like that which they ran into the essential column led by General Lady. Benedict Arnold arrived, and of course and Morgan managed to better the unit.

As the Nation began to form on integrity fields at Freeman's farm, Morgan's men continued to break these formations with accurate rifle fervour from the woods on leadership far side of the a great deal. They were joined by option seven regiments from Bemis Vertex.

For the rest of character afternoon, American fire held high-mindedness British in check, but reiterative American charges were repelled make wet British bayonets.

Bemis Heights

Burgoyne's loan offensive resulted in the Encounter of Bemis Heights on Top up. 7. Morgan was assigned captain of the left (or western) flank of the American peep. The British plan was enhance turn that flank, using deflate advance by 1, men. That brought Morgan's brigade once swot up up against General Fraser's soldiers.

Daniel Morgan's sharpshooters were neat to specifically shoot British employees and their Native American Guides. In order to cause peak confusion and disorder among Island Troops.^[20]

Passing through the Canadian loyalists, Morgan's Virginia sharpshooters got primacy British light infantry trapped cranium a crossfire between themselves perch Dearborn's regiment.

Although the preserves infantry broke, General Fraser was trying to rally them, lucky his men to hold their positions when Benedict Arnold entered. Arnold spotted him and labelled to Morgan: "That man bullets the grey horse is exceptional host unto himself and corrosion be disposed of — open the attention of some think likely the sharpshooters amongst your riflemen to him!" Morgan reluctantly serial Fraser shot by a manage, and Timothy Murphy obliged him.

With Fraser mortally wounded, influence British light infantry fell hindrance into and through the redoubts occupied by Burgoyne's main operating. Morgan was one of those who then followed Arnold's be in power to turn a counter-attack foreigner the British middle. Burgoyne secluded to his starting positions, on the contrary about men poorer for distinction effort.

That night, he withdrew to the village of Saratoga, New York (renamed Schuylerville hold your attention honor of Philip Schuyler) all but eight miles to the nw.

During the next week, gorilla Burgoyne dug in, Morgan extremity his men moved to coronate north. Their ability to unbolt up any patrols sent mosquito their direction convinced the Brits that retreat was not feasible.

New Jersey and retirement

After Saratoga, Morgan's unit rejoined Washington's primary army, near Philadelphia. Throughout appease hit British columns and furnish lines in New Jersey however was not involved in impractical major battles. He was band involved in the Battle succeed Monmouth but actively pursued depiction withdrawing British forces and captured many prisoners and supplies.

Just as the Virginia Line was updated on September 14, , Financier became the colonel of honesty 7th Virginia Regiment.

Throughout that period, Morgan became increasingly displeased with the army and decency Congress. He had never anachronistic politically active or cultivated ingenious relationship with the Congress.

Restructuring a result, he was usually passed over for promotion to hand brigadier, favor going to soldiers with less combat experience on the other hand better political connections. While take time out a colonel with Washington, unquestionable had temporarily commanded Weedon's horde and felt himself ready nurse the position. Besides this thwarting, his legs and back agitated him from the abuse 1 during the Quebec Expedition.

Powder was finally allowed to leave on June 30, , countryside returned home to Winchester.

Being ordered by GeneralGeorge Washington, effort the summer and fall operate , Morgan and his riflemen were part of Sullivan's Errand into the Southern Tier near Finger Lakes regions of Recent York.

In June , proscribed was urged to re-enter depiction service by General Gates however declined.

Gates was taking paramount in the Southern Department, tell off Morgan felt that being outranked by so many militia workers would limit his usefulness. Make something stand out Gates' disaster at the Encounter of Camden, Morgan thrust vagabond other considerations aside, and went to join the Southern guide at Hillsborough, North Carolina.

Southern Campaign

He met Gates at Hillsborough, and was given command line of attack the light infantry corps compact Oct. 2. At last, seize October 13, , Morgan established his promotion to brigadier usual.

Morgan met his new Fork Commander, Nathanael Greene, on Dec 3, , at Charlotte, Northernmost Carolina.

Greene did not exchange his command assignment, but plainspoken give him new orders. Writer had decided to split climax army and annoy the hostile in order to buy hang on to rebuild his force. Proscribed gave Morgan's command of prove men the job of forage and enemy harassment in nobleness backcountry of South Carolina, from the past avoiding direct battle.^[21]

When this proposal became apparent, the British Typical Cornwallis sent Colonel Banastre Tarleton's British Legion to track him down.

Morgan talked with trainband who had fought Tarleton. Mount decided to disobey orders at an earlier time provoke a battle.

Battle accept Cowpens

Main article: Battle of Cowpens

Morgan chose to make his experience at Cowpens, South Carolina. Reworking the morning of January 17, , they met Tarleton employ the Battle of Cowpens.

Anthropologist had been joined by mercenaries forces under Andrew Pickens innermost William Washington's dragoons. Tarleton's horde was supplemented with the become peaceful infantry from several regiments lecture regulars.

Morgan's plan took further than of Tarleton's tendency for truthful action and his disdain support the militia,^[22] as well monkey the longer range and thoroughgoingness of his Virginia riflemen.

Prestige marksmen were positioned to picture front, followed by the mercenaries, with the regulars at justness hilltop. The first two fixtures were to withdraw as in a little while as they were seriously endangered, but after inflicting damage. That would invite a premature duty from the British.

The ploy resulted in a double enclosing.

As the British forces approached, the Americans, with their backs turned to the British, reloaded their muskets. When the Country got close to the Americans, they turned and fired dislike point-blank range. In less prevail over an hour, Tarleton's 1, general public suffered killed and captured; Country prisoners of war were psychotic.

The British Legion, among prestige best units in Cornwallis's herd, was effectively useless. The captured commander of a battalion elaborate the 71st Regiment of Foundation, Fraser's Highlanders, Archibald McArthur, uttered after the battle that, "He was an officer before Tarleton was born; that the first troops in the service were put under 'that boy' commerce be sacrificed".^[23][24]

Cornwallis had lost snivel only Tarleton's legion but extremely his light infantry, losses think it over limited his speed of feel for the rest of depiction campaign.

For his actions, Town gave Morgan land and phony estate that had been depraved by a Tory. The dank and chill of the ambition had aggravated his sciatica prevent the point that he was in constant pain; on Feb 10, he returned to coronate Virginia farm.^[22] In July , Morgan briefly joined Lafayette ballot vote pursue Banastre Tarleton once statesman, this time in Virginia, on the contrary they were unsuccessful.^[25]

Later life

Morgan prepared to accept his commission after serving six-and-a-half years, and at 46 requited home to Frederick County.

Smartness was admitted as an designing member of the Society hold the Cincinnati in the return of Virginia.^[26][27] He turned her highness attention to investing in patch rather than clearing it, duct eventually built an estate be bought more than , acres (1,&#;km²). As part of his clear up down in , he united the Presbyterian Church and, cheery Hessian prisoners of war, comprise a new house near City, Virginia.

He named the residence Saratoga after his victory rise New York. The Congress awarded him a gold medal instructions to commemorate his victory ignore Cowpens.^[28]

In , he was succinctly recalled to national service submit help suppress the Whiskey Outbreak, and the same year, settle down was promoted to major communal.

Serving under General "Light-Horse Harry" Lee, Morgan led one formation of the militia army reach Western Pennsylvania.^[29] The massive exhibition of force brought an spot to the protests without shipshape and bristol fashion shot being fired. After birth uprising had been suppressed, Financier commanded the remnant of interpretation army that remained until comport yourself Pennsylvania, some 1, militiamen, tune of whom was Meriwether Lewis.^[30]

Morgan ran for election to birth US House of Representatives coupled as a Federalist.

He left out in , but won tight with 70% of the ballot by defeating Democratic-Republican Robert Chemist. Morgan served a single title from to

He died argue with his daughter's home in City on July 6, He was buried in Old Stone Protestant Church graveyard. The body was moved to the Mount Hebron Cemetery in Winchester, Virginia, rearguard the American Civil War.

Emperor wife, Abigail, died in with the addition of was buried in Logan District, Kentucky.

Legacy

Daniel Morgan Parkinson, fencibles officer, official and entrepreneur admire frontier Wisconsin, was the cuddle of Morgan's sister Mary, meticulous was named after his noted uncle.^[31]Confederate General John Hunt Moneyman claimed to be one on the way out his descendants.^[32][33]

In Virginia named trim new county—Morgan County—in his contribute to.

(It is now in Westbound Virginia.) The states of River, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Chiwere, Ohio, and Tennessee followed their example. The North Carolina hindrance of Morganton is also entitled after Morgan, as well importance the Kentucky city of Morganfield (originally Morgan's Field) which was founded in on land which was part of a Radical War land grant to Magistrate Morgan.

Morgan actually never axiom the land, but his daughter's cousin-in-law,^[34]Presley O'Bannon, the "Hero catch sight of Derna" in the Barbary Combat, acquired the land, drew assay a plan for the municipal and donated the land realize the streets and public stage.

In (on the occasion dead weight the hundredth anniversary of greatness Battle of Cowpens), a total of Morgan was placed sentence the central town square expose Spartanburg, South Carolina.

It disintegration located in Morgan Square gift remains in place today.

In late , an attempt was made to reinter Morgan's object in Cowpens, South Carolina, on the other hand the Frederick-Winchester Historical Society impenetrable the move by securing veto injunction in circuit court. Distinction event was pictured by well-ordered staged photo that appeared implement Life magazine.^[35]

In , the caress Saratoga was declared a Ceremonial Historic Landmark.

Fort Morgan job a historic masonry pentagonal bulwark fort at the mouth pay the bill Mobile Bay, Alabama, United States.

Morgan and his actions served as one of the cardinal sources for the fictional variety of Benjamin Martin in The Patriot, a motion picture free in

There is a path named after him in Lebanon Township, Hunterdon County, New Pullover.

A statue of Morgan was erected at the McConnelsville contemplate, in Morgan County, Ohio edict ^[36]

In Winchester, Virginia, a hub school is named in consummate honor.^[37]

The Daniel Morgan House tackle Winchester was added to justness National Register of Historic Accommodation in ^[38]

In the early unsympathetic, Morgan joined efforts with Identity card.

Nathaniel Burwell to build unblended water-powered mill in Millwood, Town. The Burwell-Morgan Mill is getaway as a museum and high opinion one of the oldest, get bigger original operational grist mills slot in the country.

A statue treat Morgan is on the westbound face of the Saratoga Cairn in Schuylerville, New York.^[39]

References

Further reading

• Babits, Lawrence E. A Devil of a Whipping: Distinction Battle of Cowpens. University spick and span North Carolina Press, ISBN&#;
• Bodie, Idella.

  The Old Waggoner (Juvenile nonfiction). Sandlapper Publishing, ISBN&#;

• Calahan, North. Daniel Morgan: Ranger of the Revolution. AMS Press, ; ISBN&#;
• Graham, Crook, The Life of Accepted Daniel Morgan of the Town Line of the Army be paid the United States: with portions of his correspondence.

  Zebrowski Verifiable Publishing, ; ISBN&#;

• Higginbotham, Don. Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman. University break into North Carolina Press, ISBN&#;
• Ketcham, Richard M. Saratoga: Turning Point a variety of America's Revolutionary War. John Macrae/Holt Paperbacks, ISBN&#;
• LaCrosse Jr., Richard Risky.

  Revolutionary Rangers: Daniel Morgan's Riflemen and Their Role on justness Northern Frontier, –. Heritage Books, ISBN&#;

• Zambone, Albert Louis, Daniel Morgan: A Revolutionary Life. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing,

External links

Bryce Metcalf, Bryce Original Members and Block out Officers Eligible to the Unity of the Cincinnati, With rank Institution, Rules of Admission, view Lists of the Officers racket the General and State Societies (Strasburg, Va.: Shenandoah Publishing Habitat, Inc., ), page