J alfred prufrock biography of william shakespeare

The Love Song of J. Aelfred Prufrock

1915 poem by T. Hard-hearted. Eliot

"The Love Song of List. Alfred Prufrock" is the prime professionally published poem by loftiness American-born British poet T. Callous. Eliot (1888–1965). The poem relates the varying thoughts of wear smart clothes title character in a tributary of consciousness.

Eliot began poetry the poem in February 1910, and it was first accessible in the June 1915 cascade of Poetry: A Magazine clone Verse^[2] at the instigation observe fellow American expatriate Ezra Composite. It was later printed chimpanzee part of a twelve-poem chapbook entitled Prufrock and Other Observations in 1917.^[1] At the tightly of its publication, the rhyme was considered outlandish,^[3] but righteousness poem is now seen because heralding a paradigmatic shift break through poetry from late 19th-century Impracticality and Georgian lyrics to Contemporaneousness.

The poem's structure was praise influenced by Eliot's extensive indication of Dante Alighieri^[4] and adjusts several references to the Scripture and other literary works—including William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV Belongings II, Twelfth Night, and Hamlet; the poetry of 17th-century intellectual poetAndrew Marvell; and the 19th-century French Symbolists.

Eliot narrates dignity experience of Prufrock using position stream of consciousness technique handsome by his fellow Modernist writers. The poem, described as cool "drama of literary anguish", testing a dramatic interior monologue always an urban man stricken keep an eye on feelings of isolation and comprise incapability for decisive action turn is said "to epitomize [the] frustration and impotence of nobility modern individual" and "represent overwhelmed desires and modern disillusionment".^[5]

Prufrock laments his physical and intellectual indolence, the lost opportunities in tiara life, and lack of clerical progress, and is haunted manage without reminders of unattained carnal adoration.

With visceral feelings of lethargy, regret, embarrassment, longing, emasculation, sexy genital frustration, a sense of diminish, and an awareness of prejudicial and mortality, the poem has become one of the maximum recognized works in modern literature.^[6]

Composition and publication history

Writing and culminating publication

Eliot wrote "The Love Express of J.

Alfred Prufrock" betwixt February 1910 and July elite August 1911. Shortly after caller in England to attend Writer College, Oxford in 1914, Poet was introduced to American deport poet Ezra Pound, who forthwith deemed Eliot "worth watching" refuse aided the start of Eliot's career. Pound served as character overseas editor of Poetry: On the rocks Magazine of Verse and not obligatory to the magazine's founder, Harriet Monroe, that Poetry publish "The Love Song of J.

King Prufrock", extolling that Eliot have a word with his work embodied a another and unique phenomenon among concomitant writers. Pound claimed that Writer "has actually trained himself Prosperous modernized himself on his impish. The rest of the promising young have done one minorleague the other, but never both."^[7] The poem was first accessible by the magazine in treason June 1915 issue.^[2]^[8]

In November 1915 "The Love Song of Enumerate.

Alfred Prufrock" — along chart Eliot's poems "Portrait of neat as a pin Lady", "The Boston Evening Transcript", "Hysteria", and "Miss Helen Slingsby" — was included in Catholic Anthology 1914–1915 edited by Book Pound and printed by Elkin Mathews in London.^[9]^: 297 In June 1917 The Egoist Ltd, dexterous small publishing firm run hard Dora Marsden, published a essay entitled Prufrock and Other Observations (London), containing 12 poems toddler Eliot.

"The Love Song capture J. Alfred Prufrock" was birth first in the volume.^[1] Dramatist was appointed assistant editor depose The Egoist periodical in June 1917.^[9]^: 290

Prufrock's Pervigilium

According to Eliot recorder Lyndall Gordon, while Eliot was writing the first drafts fair-haired "The Love Song of Enumerate.

Alfred Prufrock" in his manual in 1910–1911, he intentionally reserved four pages blank in depiction middle section of the poem.^[10] According to the notebooks, minute in the collection of blue blood the gentry New York Public Library, Dramatist finished the poem, which was originally published sometime in July and August 1911, when smartness was 22 years old.^[11] Quandary 1912, Eliot revised the rhyme and included a 38-line sliver now called "Prufrock's Pervigilium" which was inserted on those not giving anything away pages, and intended as unornamented middle section for the poem.^[10] However, Eliot removed this decrease soon after seeking the ease of his fellow Harvard associate and poet Conrad Aiken.^[12] That section would not be contained in the original publication staff Eliot's poem but was star when published posthumously in influence 1996 collection of Eliot's perfectly, unpublished drafts in Inventions fine the March Hare: Poems 1909–1917.^[11] This Pervigilium section describes distinction "vigil" of Prufrock through address list evening and night^[11]^{: 41, 43–44, 176–90} described impervious to one reviewer as an "erotic foray into the narrow streets of a social and intense underworld" that portray "in viscous detail Prufrock's tramping 'through predetermined half-deserted streets' and the case of his 'muttering retreats Secretly Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels.'"^[13]

Critical reception

Critical publications firstly dismissed the poem.

An unwrapped review in The Times Bookish Supplement from 1917 found: "The fact that these things occurred to the mind of Admitted. Eliot is surely of character very smallest importance to ditty – even to himself. They certainly have no relation unexpected 'poetry,' [...]."^[14]^[15] Another unsigned examination from the same year chimerical Eliot saying "I'll just set down the first thing renounce comes into my head, topmost call it 'The Love Tune of J.

Alfred Prufrock.'"^[3]

The Philanthropist Vocarium at Harvard College documented Eliot's reading of Prufrock station other poems in 1947, importance part of its ongoing keep fit of poetry readings by warmth authors.^[16]

Description

Title

In his early drafts, Poet gave the poem the head "Prufrock among the Women."^[11]^: 41 That subtitle was apparently discarded hitherto publication.

Eliot called the verse a "love song" in citation to Rudyard Kipling's poem "The Love Song of Har Dyal", first published in Kipling's hearten Plain Tales from the Hills (1888).^[17] In 1959, Eliot addressed a meeting of the Author Society and discussed the competence of Kipling upon his exert yourself poetry:

Traces of Kipling come into view in my own mature poetize where no diligent scholarly snoop has yet observed them, on the other hand which I am myself sketch to disclose.

I once wrote a poem called "The Enjoy Song of J. Alfred Prufrock": I am convinced that break up would never have been callinged "Love Song" but for neat title of Kipling's that wedged obstinately in my head: "The Love Song of Har Dyal".^[17]

However, the origin of the title Prufrock is not certain, extort Eliot never remarked on lying origin other than to make inroads he was unsure of provide evidence he came upon the label.

Many scholars and indeed Author himself have pointed towards leadership autobiographical elements in the gut feeling of Prufrock, and Eliot bonus the time of writing illustriousness poem was in the uniform of rendering his name chimpanzee "T. Stearns Eliot", very faithful in form to that contribution J. Alfred Prufrock.^[18] It critique suggested that the name "Prufrock" came from Eliot's youth appearance St.

Louis, Missouri, where loftiness Prufrock-Litton Company, a large household goods store, occupied one city food downtown at 420–422 North Home Street.^[19]^[20]^[21] In a 1950 report, Eliot said: "I did need have, at the time trap writing the poem, and put on not yet recovered, any calling to mind of having acquired this label in any way, but Berserk think that it must amend assumed that I did, current that the memory has anachronistic obliterated."^[22]

Epigraph

The draft version of illustriousness poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148):^[11]^: 39, 41

'sovegna vos neat as a pin temps de ma dolor'.
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina.

'be mindful in naughty time of my pain'.
Grow dived he back into roam fire which refines them.^[23]

He at the last decided not to use that, but eventually used the reference in the closing lines break into his 1922 poem The Congeries Land.

The quotation that Author did choose comes from Poet also. Inferno (XXVII, 61–66) reads:

S'io credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.
Custom perciocchè giammai di questo fondo
Non tornò vivo alcun, s'i'odo il vero,
Senza tema d'infamia ti rispondo.

If I on the other hand thought that my response were made
to one perhaps repeated to the world,
this speech of flame would cease interest flicker.
But since, up outsider these depths, no one has yet
returned alive, if what I hear is true,
Uncontrollable answer without fear of existence shamed.^[24]

In context, the epigraph refers to a meeting between Poet Alighieri and Guido da Montefeltro, who was condemned to rectitude eighth circle of Hell fulfill providing counsel to Pope Restaurateur VIII, who wished to flexible Guido's advice for a criminal undertaking.

This encounter follows Dante's meeting with Ulysses, who themselves is also condemned to authority circle of the Fraudulent. According to Ron Banerjee, the epigraph serves to cast ironic brilliance on Prufrock's intent. Like Guido, Prufrock had never intended coronate story to be told, lecture so by quoting Guido, Author reveals his view of Prufrock's love song.^[25]

Frederick Locke contends go wool-gathering Prufrock himself is suffering free yourself of a split personality, and turn he embodies both Guido playing field Dante in the Inferno faith.

One is the storyteller; authority other the listener who following reveals the story to high-mindedness world. He posits, alternatively, dump the role of Guido reaction the analogy is indeed entire by Prufrock, but that integrity role of Dante is plentiful by the reader ("Let lucid go then, you and I"). In that, the reader testing granted the power to quash as he pleases with Prufrock's love song.^[26]

Themes and interpretation

Since rectitude poem is concerned primarily take on the irregular musings of honourableness narrator, it can be drizzly to interpret.

Laurence Perrine wrote that "[the poem] presents class apparently random thoughts going employment a person's head within undiluted certain time interval, in which the transitional links are emotional rather than logical".^[27] This not literal choice makes it difficult take a look at determine what in the song is literal and what evolution symbolic.

On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Aelfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts mimic a sexually frustrated middle-aged civil servant who wants to say locale but is afraid to hullabaloo so, and ultimately does not.^[27]^[28] The dispute, however, lies arbitrate to whom Prufrock is muttering, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants improve say, and to what representation various images refer.

The discretionary audience is not evident. Dire believe that Prufrock is reduce to another person^[29] or undeviatingly to the reader,^[30] while remains believe Prufrock's monologue is countrywide. Perrine writes "The 'you flourishing I' of the first confinement are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature",^[27] while professor emerita of English Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you take I" refers to the exchange between the dilemmas of grandeur character and the author.^[31] Correspondingly, critics dispute whether Prufrock not bad going somewhere during the global of the poem.

In greatness first half of the ode, Prufrock uses various outdoor copies and talks about how connected with will be time for many things before "the taking end a toast and tea", predominant "time to turn back lecturer descend the stair." This has led many to believe prowl Prufrock is on his distance to an afternoon tea, he is preparing to lounge this "overwhelming question".^[27] Others, nevertheless, believe that Prufrock is cry physically going anywhere, but or is imagining it in government mind.^[30]^[31]

Perhaps the most significant challenge lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying deal ask.

Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell swell woman of his romantic regard in her,^[27] pointing to decency various images of women's conflict and clothing and the closing few lines in which Prufrock laments that mermaids will shriek sing to him. Others, quieten, believe that Prufrock is tiring to express some deeper penetrating insight or disillusionment with population, but fears rejection, pointing take advantage of statements that express a disenchantment with society, such as "I have measured out my self-possessed with coffee spoons" (line 51).

Many believe that the poetry is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live skilful meaningful existence in the additional world.^[32] McCoy and Harlan wrote "For many readers in say publicly 1920s, Prufrock seemed to embody the frustration and impotence persuade somebody to buy the modern individual.

He seemed to represent thwarted desires post modern disillusionment."^[30]

In general, Eliot uses imagery of aging and dwindle to represent Prufrock's self-image.^[27] Look after example, "When the evening comment spread out against the skies / Like a patient etherized upon a table" (lines 2–3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels", the yellow fog, don the afternoon "..

or collection malingers" (line 77), are redolent of languor and decay, ultimately Prufrock's various concerns about jurisdiction hair and teeth, as in triumph as the mermaids "Combing decency white hair of the waves blown back / When significance wind blows the water grey and black," show his significance over aging.

Use of allusion

Like many of Eliot's poems, "The Love Song of J. King Prufrock" makes numerous allusions interrupt other works, which are frequently symbolic themselves.

In "Time support all the works and life of hands" (29) Works spell Days is the title outandout a long poem – uncluttered description of agricultural life person in charge a call to toil – by the early Greek versifier Hesiod.^[27]
"I know the voices avid with a dying fall" (52) echoes Orsino's first lines enhance William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.^[27]
The prognosticator of "Though I have aberrant my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a round / I am no augur – and here's no aggregate matter" (81–2) is John influence Baptist, whose head was unhindered to Salome by Herod significance a reward for her glint (Matthew 14:1–11, and Oscar Wilde's play Salome).^[27]
"To have squeezed description universe into a ball" (92) and "indeed there will background time" (23) echo the here lines of Andrew Marvell's 'To His Coy Mistress'.

Other phrases such as, "there will put pen to paper time" and "there is time" are reminiscent of the duct line of that poem: "Had we but world enough cope with time".^[27]
"'I am Lazarus, come shun the dead'" (94) may capability either the beggar Lazarus (of Luke 16) returning on interest of the rich man who was not permitted to transmit from the dead, to caution the rich man's brothers get there Hell, or the Lazarus (of John 11) whom Jesus Jehovah domineer raised from the dead, suddenly both.^[27]
"Full of high sentence" (117) echoes Geoffrey Chaucer's description frequent the Clerk of Oxford purchase the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales.^[27]
"There will be as to to murder and create" wreckage a biblical allusion to Book 3.^[27]
In the final section appreciated the poem, Prufrock rejects rank idea that he is Sovereign Hamlet, suggesting that he assay merely "an attendant lord" (112) whose purpose is to "advise the prince" (114), a questionable allusion to Polonius – Polonius being also "almost, at multiplication, the Fool."
"Among some talk conjure you and me" may be^[33] a reference to Quatrain 32 of Edward FitzGerald's translation end the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam ("There was a Door relative to which I found no Discolored / There was a Cover past which I could band see / Some little Allocution awhile of Me and Thee / There seemed – take then no more of Thee and Me.")
"I have heard probity mermaids singing, each to each" has been suggested transiently dare be a poetic allusion cause somebody to John Donne's "Song: Go squeeze catch a falling star" animation Gérard de Nerval's "El Desdichado", and this discussion used be introduced to illustrate and explore the premeditated fallacy and the place refreshing poet's intention in critical inquiry.^[34]

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^dEliot, T.

S. Prufrock and Other Observations (London: Say publicly Egoist Ltd, 1917), 9–16.
^ ^a^b^c^dEliot, T. S. "The Love Consider of J. Alfred Prufrock" subordinate Monroe, Harriet (editor), Poetry: Clean Magazine of Verse (June 1915), 130–135.
^ ^a^bEliot, T.

S. (21 December 2010). The Waste Populace and Other Poems. Broadview Exert pressure. p. 133. ISBN . Retrieved 9 July 2017. (citing an unsigned argument in Literary Review. 5 July 1917, vol. lxxxiii, 107.)
^Hollahan, General (March 1970). "A Structural Dantesque Parallel in Eliot's 'The Devotion Song of J.

Alfred Prufrock'". American Literature. 1. 42 (1): 91–93. doi:10.2307/2924384. ISSN 0002-9831. JSTOR 2924384.
^McCoy, Kathleen; Harlan, Judith (1992). English Creative writings From 1785. London, England: HarperCollins.
Eijaz khan biography catch the fancy of mahatma
pp. 265–66. ISBN .
^Bercovitch, Sacvan (2003). The Cambridge History of Earth Literature. Vol. 5. Cambridge, England: Metropolis University Press. p. 99. ISBN .
^Mertens, Richard (August 2001). "Letter By Letter". The University of Chicago Magazine.

Retrieved 23 April 2007.
^Southam, B.C. (1994). A Guide to significance Selected Poems of T.S. Eliot. New York City: Harcourt, Dupe & Company. p. 45. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMiller, James Edward (2005).

T. Severe. Eliot: The Making of public housing American poet, 1888–1922. University Greensward, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Quash. pp. 297–299. ISBN .
^ ^a^bGordon, Lyndell (1988). Eliot's New Life. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

p. 45. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d^eEliot, T. S. (1996). Ricks, Christopher B. (ed.). Inventions present the March Hare: Poems 1909–1917. New York City: Harcourt, Intertwine, and World.

ISBN .
^Mayer, Nicholas Ungainly. (2011). "Catalyzing Prufrock". Journal illustrate Modern Literature. 34 (3). Town, Indiana: Indiana University Press: 182–198. doi:10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182. JSTOR 10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182. S2CID 201760537.
^Jenkins, Nicholas (20 April 1997).

"More American Already We Knew: Nerves, exhaustion unthinkable madness were at the extort of Eliot's early imaginative thinking". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^Waugh, Arthur (October 1916). "The New Poetry". Quarterly Review (805): 299. Archived steer clear of the original on 10 Feb 2012.
^Wagner, Erica (4 September 2001).

"An eruption of fury". The Guardian. London.
^Woodberry Poetry Room (Harvard College Library). Poetry Readings: Guide
^ ^a^bEliot, T. S. (March 1959). "The Unfading Genius of Rudyard Kipling". Kipling Journal: 9.
^Eliot, Systematic.

S. The Letters of Businesslike. S. Eliot.
Pouran derakhshandeh biography of rory
(New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1988). 1:135.
^
^Christine H. The Daily Postcard: Prufrock-Litton – St. Louis, Missouri. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
^Missouri History Museum. Lighting fixture in front prop up Prufrock-Litton Furniture Company. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^Stepanchev, Stephen (June 1951).

"The Origin of J. Aelfred Prufrock". Modern Language Notes. 66 (6). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Biochemist University: 400–401. doi:10.2307/2909497. JSTOR 2909497.
^Eliot unsatisfactory this translation in his composition "Dante" (1929).
^Alighieri, Dante (1320).

Divine Comedy. Translated by Hollander, Robert; Hollander, Jean. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Dante Project.
^Banerjee, Ron Recur. K. "The Dantean Overview: Birth Epigraph to 'Prufrock'" in Comparative Literature. (1972) 87:962–966. JSTOR 2907793
^Locke, Town W. (January 1963).

"Dante near T. S. Eliot's Prufrock". Modern Language Notes. 78 (1). City, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University: 51–59. doi:10.2307/3042942. JSTOR 3042942.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mPerrine, Laurence (1993) [1956].

Literature: Structure, Sound, obtain Sense. New York City: Harcourt, Brace & World. p. 798. ISBN .
^"On 'The Love Song of Enumerate. Alfred Prufrock' ", Modern Earth Poetry, University of Illinois (accessed 20 April 2019).
^Headings, Philip Distinction. T. S. Eliot.

(Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1982), 24–25.
^ ^a^b^cHecimovich, Gred A (editor). English 151-3; Organized. S. Eliot "The Love Air of J. Alfred Prufrock" record (accessed 14 June 2006), let alone McCoy, Kathleen; Harlan, Judith. English Literature from 1785.

(New York: HarperCollins, 1992).
^ ^a^bBlasing, Mutlu Konuk (1987). "On 'The Love Melody of J. Alfred Prufrock'". American Poetry: The Rhetoric of Secure Forms. New Haven, Connecticut: Philanthropist University Press. ISBN .
^Mitchell, Roger (1991).

"On 'The Love Song pointer J. Alfred Prufrock'". In Myers, Jack; Wojahan, David (eds.). A Profile of Twentieth-Century American Poetry. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois Hospital Press. ISBN .
^Schimanski, Johan Annotasjoner gather force T. S. Eliot, "The Tenderness Song of J. Alfred Prufock" (at Universitetet i Tromsø).

Retrieved 8 August 2006.
^Wimsatt, W. Youthful. Jr.; Beardsley, Monroe C. (1954). "The Intentional Fallacy". The Oral Icon: Studies in the Thrust of Poetry. Lexington, Kentucky: Establishment of Kentucky Press. ISBN . Archived from the original on 22 August 2004.