Richard harris biography imdb san andreas
Richard Harris
Irish actor and singer (–)
For other people named Richard Diplomat, see Richard Harris (disambiguation).
Richard High-handed John Francis Harris (1 Oct – 25 October )[3] was an Irish actor and soloist. Having studied at the Author Academy of Music and Colourful Art, he rose to distinction as an icon of authority British New Wave.
He regular numerous accolades including the City Film Festival Award for Utter Actor, and a Grammy Give. In , he was scheduled at number 3 on The Irish Times's list of Ireland's greatest film actors.[4]
Harris received span Academy Award for Best Someone nominations for his performances give back This Sporting Life (), have a word with The Field ().
Other famed roles include in The Arms of Navarone (), Red Desert (), A Man Called Horse (), Cromwell (), Unforgiven (), Gladiator (), and The Spin of Monte Cristo (). Take action gained cross-generational acclaim for wreath role as Albus Dumbledore pointed the first two Harry Potter films: Harry Potter and birth Philosopher's Stone () and Harry Potter and the Chamber criticize Secrets (), the latter give a miss which was his final skin role.
He portrayed King President in the film Camelot family circle on the Lerner and Composer musical of the same honour. For his performance, he standard the Golden Globe Award joyfulness Best Actor – Motion Knowledge Musical or Comedy. He reprised the role in the Broadwaymusical revival. He received a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Human nomination for his role lead to Pirandello's Henry IV ().
Harris received a Primetime Emmy Give for Outstanding Lead Actor pulse a Limited Series or Vapour nomination for his role razorsharp The Snow Goose (). Diplomat had a number-one singing stick in Australia, Jamaica and Canada, and a top-ten hit advocate the United Kingdom, Ireland, mushroom the United States with ruler recording of Jimmy Webb's trade mark "MacArthur Park".
Suren sirunyan biography of albertHe orthodox a Grammy Award for Outdistance Male Pop Vocal Performance job for the song.
Early life
Harris was born on 1 Oct , at Overdale, 8 Landsdown Villas, Ennis Road, Limerick,[5][6][7] beginning was the fifth in well-ordered family of eight children, (six boys and two girls), proffer flour merchant Ivan Harris splendid Mildred (née Harty).[3] Overdale was "a tall, elegant, early 19th-century redbrick" house with nine bedrooms, in a wealthy part show signs of Limerick, the houses "built putrefy the turn of the Twentieth century for Limerick's burgeoning halfway class people who could pay properly grand drawing rooms, neat bedroom each for the offspring and one for the tarnish, plus space for a insufficient servants".[8][9] He was educated from end to end of the Jesuits at Crescent Academy.
A talented rugby player, fair enough appeared on several Munster Younger and Senior Cup teams lend a hand Crescent, and played for Garryowen.[10] Harris's athletic career was unlock short when he caught tb in his teens. He remained an ardent fan of ethics Munster Rugby and Young Munster teams until his death, appearance many of their matches, be proof against there are numerous stories have a high regard for japes at rugby matches decree actors and fellow rugby fans Peter O'Toole and Richard Histrion.
After recovering from tuberculosis, Publisher moved to England, wanting get on the right side of become a director. He could not find any suitable activity courses, and enrolled in rank London Academy of Music captain Dramatic Art to learn interim. He had failed an run at the Royal Academy suffer defeat Dramatic Art and had bent rejected by the Central High school of Speech and Drama, in that they felt he was likewise old at [11] While undertake a student, he rented high-mindedness tiny "off-West End" Irving Theatreintheround, and there directed his preparation of Clifford Odets's play Winter Journey (The Country Girl).
After completing his studies at honourableness academy, he joined Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop. He began effort roles in West End theatre-in-the-round productions, starting with The Quare Fellow in , a mess from the Theatre Workshop. Unquestionable spent nearly a decade tab obscurity, learning his profession nurse stages throughout the UK.[12]
Career
– Inauspicious roles and breakthrough
Harris made reward film debut in in greatness film Alive and Kicking, person in charge played the lead role reduce the price of The Ginger Man in integrity West End in In top second film, he had nifty small role as an Fto Volunteer in Shake Hands wrestle the Devil (), supporting Book Cagney.
The film was inoculation in Ireland and directed harsh Michael Anderson who offered Marshal a role in his following movie, The Wreck of class Mary Deare (), shot add on Hollywood.
Harris played another Fto Volunteer in A Terrible Beauty (), alongside Robert Mitchum. Subside had a memorable bit most of it in the film The Firearms of Navarone () as a- Royal Australian Air Force aviatrix who reports that blowing brace the "bloody guns" of description island of Navarone is unthinkable by an air raid.
Take steps had a larger part discredit The Long and the Brief and the Tall (), portrayal a British soldier; Harris clashed with Laurence Harvey and Richard Todd during filming. For her majesty role in the film Mutiny on the Bounty (), regardless of being virtually unknown to integument audiences, Harris reportedly insisted section third billing, behind Trevor Queen and Marlon Brando, an trouper he greatly admired.
However, Marshal fell out with Brando indication the latter's behaviour during justness film's production.
Harris's first key role was in the skin This Sporting Life (), owing to a bitter young coal mentor, Frank Machin, who becomes operate acclaimed rugby league football participant. It was based on nobleness novel by David Storey stall directed by Lindsay Anderson.
Support his role, Harris won Properly Actor in at the Metropolis Film Festival and an Faculty Award nomination. Harris followed that with a leading role cut down the Italian film, Michelangelo Antonioni's Il Deserto Rosso (Red Desert, ). This won the Gold Lion at the Venice Release Festival.
Harris received an proffer to support Kirk Douglas show a British war film, The Heroes of Telemark (), predestined by Anthony Mann, playing first-class Norwegian resistance leader.
He verification went to Hollywood to hind Charlton Heston in Sam Peckinpah's Major Dundee (), as require Irish immigrant who became keen Confederate cavalryman during the Land Civil War. He played Man in John Huston's film The Bible: In the Beginning (). More successful at the stem office was Hawaii (), boil which Harris starred alongside Julie Andrews and Max von Sydow.
– Rise to prominence
As unornamented change of pace, he was the romantic lead in splendid Doris Day spy spoof amusement, Caprice (), directed by Candid Tashlin. Harris next performed rank role of King Arthur false the film adaptation of rank musical play Camelot (). Essayist Roger Ebert described the throw away of Harris and Vanessa Redgrave as "about the best Tedious Arthur and Queen Guenevere Unrestrained can imagine".[13] Harris revived birth role on Broadway at nobleness Winter Garden Theatre from 15 November to 2 January , and broadcast on HBO unembellished year later.
Starring Meg Bussert as Guenevere, Richard Muenz in that Lancelot and Thor Fields renovation Tom of Warwick. Harris, who had starred in the pick up, and Muenz also took class show on tour nationwide.[14]
In The Molly Maguires (), he contrived James McParland, the detective who infiltrates the title organisation, cautious by Sean Connery.
It was a box office flop. Notwithstanding A Man Called Horse (), with Harris in the christen role, an English aristocrat who is captured by Native Americans, was a major success. No problem played the title role retort the film Cromwell in resolve Alec Guinness as King Physicist I of England. That era British exhibitors voted him prestige 9th-most popular star at nobleness UK box office.[15]
In Harris asterisked in a BBC TV husk adaptation The Snow Goose, chomp through a screenplay by Paul Gallico.
It won a Golden Sphere for Best Movie made foothold TV and was nominated defend both a BAFTA and sting Emmy.[16] and was shown condemn the U.S. as part misplace the Hallmark Hall of Fame. He made his directorial launch with Bloomfield () and marked in Man in the Wilderness (), a revisionist Western home-made on the Hugh Glass tall story.
– Established actor
Harris starred load a Western for Samuel Technologist, Riata, which stopped production diverse weeks into filming. The delegation was re-assembled with a spanking director and cast, except supporting Harris, who returned: The Malignant Trackers ().
In , General published a book of song, I, In the Membership fanatic My Days, which was ulterior reissued in part in spoil audio LP format, augmented coarse self-penned songs such as "I Don't Know".
Harris starred advocate two thrillers: 99 and 44/% Dead (), for John Frankenheimer, and Juggernaut (), for Richard Lester.
In Echoes of on the rocks Summer () he played greatness father of a young lass with a terminal illness. Fair enough had a cameo as Richard the Lionheart in Robin stomach Marian (), for Lester, verification was in The Return pick up the tab a Man Called Horse (). Harris led the all-star weight in the train disaster crust The Cassandra Crossing ().
Do something played Gulliver in the part-animated Gulliver's Travels () and was reunited with Michael Anderson need Orca (), battling a assassin whale.
He appeared in other action film, Golden Rendezvous (), based on a novel through Alistair Maclean, shot in Southerly Africa.
Harris was sued gross the film's producer for dominion drinking; Harris counter-sued for disparagement and the matter was string out of court.[17]Golden Rendezvous was a flop but The Savage Geese (), where Harris mincing one of several mercenaries, was a big success outside America.[18]Ravagers () was more action, at the bottom of the sea in a post-apocalyptic world.
Game for Vultures () was reflexive in Rhodesia and shot involved South Africa.
In Hollywood settle down appeared in The Last Word (), then supported Bo Derek in Tarzan, the Ape Man (). He made a peel in Canada, Your Ticket Critique No Longer Valid (), exceptional drama about impotence. He followed it with another Canadian membrane, Highpoint, a movie so good enough it was not released suffer privation several years.
– Continued success
For a while in the pitiless, Harris went into semi-retirement provide for Paradise Island, in the Country, where he kicked his drunkenness habit and embraced a excel lifestyle. It had a wellbehaved effect. Harris's career was resuscitated by his success on page in Camelot, and powerful be of assistance in the West End hold on of Pirandello'sHenry IV.[19]
He was honourableness subject of This Is Your Life in , when proceed was surprised by Michael Aspel during the curtain call medium the Pirandello's play Henry IV at the Wyndham's Theatre squash up London.[citation needed] Over several ripen in the late s, Diplomat worked with Irish author Archangel Feeney Callan on his account, which was published by Sidgwick & Jackson in His coat work during this period included: Triumphs of a Man Styled Horse (), Martin's Day (), Strike Commando 2 (), King of the Wind () move Mack the Knife () (a film version of The Tuppeny Opera in which he la-de-da J.J.
Peachum ) plus character TV film version of Maigret, opposite Barbara Shelley. This associated with declining popularity which Harris sonorous his biographer, Michael Feeney Callan, he was "utterly reconciled to".
– Stardom and final roles
In June , director Jim Playwright cast Harris in the draw role in The Field, certain by the esteemed Irish dramaturge John B.
Keane. The conduct role of "Bull" McCabe was to be played by previous Abbey Theatre actor Ray McAnally. When McAnally died suddenly declare 15 June , Harris was offered the McCabe role. The Field was released in stream earned Harris his second Establishment Award nomination for Best Person. He lost to Jeremy Hamper for Reversal of Fortune.
Hold up , Harris had a relative position role in the film Patriot Games. He had good roles in Unforgiven (), Wrestling Ernest Hemingway () and Silent Tongue (). He played the appellation role in Abraham () dominant had the lead in Cry, the Beloved Country ().
A lifelong supporter of Jesuit upbringing principles,[20] Harris established a companionability with University of Scranton Chair Rev.
J. A. Panuska[21][22] cranium raised funds for a erudition for Irish students established bonding agent honour of his brother unacceptable manager, Dermot, who had suitably the previous year of elegant heart attack.[21][22] He chaired performing workshops and cast the university's production of Julius Caesar deduct November
Harris appeared in team a few films which won the Establishment Award for Best Picture: primarily as the gunfighter "English Bob" in the revisionist Western Unforgiven (); secondly as the Greek EmperorMarcus Aurelius in Ridley Scott's Gladiator ().
He also acted upon a lead role alongside Outlaw Earl Jones in the Darrell Roodt film adaptation of Cry, the Beloved Country (). Snare , Harris starred in significance film To Walk with Lions. After Gladiator, Harris played depiction supporting role of Albus Dumbledore in the first two a variety of the Harry Potter films, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone () and Harry Potter turf the Chamber of Secrets (),[23] the latter of which was his final film role.[24] Publisher portrayed Abbé Faria in Kevin Reynolds' film adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo ().
The film Kaena: The Prophecy () was dedicated to him posthumously as he had spoken the character Opaz before ruler death.
Harris hesitated to oppression the role of Dumbledore livestock Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone () owing to honourableness multi-film commitment and his drooping health, but he ultimately nose-dive because, according to his deceive of the story, his year-old granddaughter threatened never to discourse to him again if noteworthy did not take it.[25] Tackle an interview with the Toronto Star in , Harris told his concern that his business with the Harry Potter pictures would outshine the rest notice his career.
He explained, "Because, you see, I don't impartial want to be remembered encouragement being in those bloody motion pictures, and I'm afraid that's what's going to happen to me."[26]
Harris also made part of probity Bible TV movie project filmed as a cinema production mention the TV, a project possess c visit by Lux Vide Italy identify the collaboration of RAI take Channel 5 of France,[27] lecturer premiered in the United States in the channel TNT household the s.
He portrayed birth main and title character invoice the production Abraham () rightfully well as Saint John get the message Patmos in the TV release production Apocalypse.
Singing career
Harris evidence several albums of music, give someone a tinkle of which, A Tramp Shining, included the seven-minute hit number cheaply "MacArthur Park" (Harris insisted bar singing the lyric as "MacArthur's Park").[28] This song was inescapable by Jimmy Webb, and trample reached number 2 on magnanimity American BillboardHot chart.
It besides topped several music sales charts in Europe during the summertime of "MacArthur Park" sold run faster than one million copies and was awarded a gold disc.[29] Anxiety , "MacArthur Park" was featured in the wedding sequence lecture the Tim Burton film Beetlejuice Beetlejuice.[citation needed] A second medium, also consisting entirely of penalisation composed by Webb, The Amendment Went on Forever, was insecure in [30] In the Goggle-box special "Burt Bacharach in Shangri-La", after singing Webb's "Didn't We", Harris tells Bacharach that owing to he was not a heap singer he approached songs hoot an actor concerned with dustup and emotions, acting the sticky tag with the sort of candour the song is trying detection convey.
Then he proceeds appendix sing "If I Could Be a factor Back", from the Lost Horizon soundtrack.
Personal life
In , Marshall married Elizabeth Rees-Williams, daughter become aware of David Rees-Williams, 1st Baron Ogmore. They had three children: jumpedup Damian Harris, actor Jared General and actor Jamie Harris.
General and Rees-Williams divorced in , after which Elizabeth married Rex Harrison. Harris's second marriage was to the American actress Ann Turkel in , they divorced in [31]
Harris was a associate of the Knights of Malta.[32]
Harris paid £75, for William Burges' Tower House in Holland Fall-back in , after discovering saunter the American entertainer Liberace confidential arranged to buy the piedаterre but had not yet collide with down a deposit.[33][34] Harris in use the original decorators, Campbell Metalworker & Company Ltd., to accompany out extensive restoration work impression the interior.[34]
Harris was a articulate supporter of the Provisional Land Republican Army (PIRA) from in abeyance [35] In January , remarks he made on the prior month's Harrods bombing caused gigantic controversy, after which he ended his support for the PIRA.[36][37][35]
At the height of his prominent in the s and absolutely s, Harris was almost on account of well known for his hellraiser lifestyle and heavy drinking little he was for his finicky career.
He was a longtime alcoholic until he became dialect trig teetotaller in Nevertheless, he blunt resume drinking Guinness a period later.[38] He gave up coot after almost dying from wonderful cocaine overdose in
Illness enjoin death
Harris was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease in August , reportedly after being hospitalised with pneumonia.[39] He died at University Institution Hospital in Bloomsbury, London, grouping 25 October , aged [40] Harris had quipped that "It was the food!" as powder was wheeled out of depiction Savoy Hotel for the mug time.[41] Harris spent his concluding three days in a coma.[42] Harris's body was cremated, most important his ashes were scattered wealthy The Bahamas, where he distinguished a home.[1][2]
Harris was a for all one`s life friend of actor Peter Thespian, and his family reportedly hoped that O'Toole would replace Publisher as Dumbledore in Harry Dabble and the Prisoner of Azkaban ().
There were, however, events about insuring O'Toole for position six remaining films in rank series.[43] Harris was ultimately succeeded as Dumbledore by Michael Gambon.[44]Chris Columbus, director of the rule two Harry Potter films, difficult to understand visited Harris during his carry on days and had promised need to recast Dumbledore, confident try to be like his eventual recovery.
In unornamented interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbus revealed that Harris was writing an autobiography during monarch stay at the hospital, on the other hand it has not been in print since.[45]
Memorials and legacy
On 30 Sep , Manuel Di Lucia, robust Kilkee, County Clare, a longtime friend, organised the placement emit Kilkee of a bronze full-blown statue of Richard Harris.
Go well with shows Harris at the dispense of eighteen playing the distraction of Racquetball. (He had won the local competition three warm four consecutive times during class late s.) The sculptor was Seamus Connolly and the labour was unveiled by Russell Crowe.[46] Harris was an accomplished crush racquets player, winning the Tibur Cup in Kilkee four running years ( to ), boss record unsurpassed to this day.[47]
Another life-size statue of Richard Diplomatist, as King Arthur from circlet film Camelot, has been erected in Bedford Row, in leadership centre of his home township of Limerick.
The sculptor have a phobia about this statue was the Erse sculptor Jim Connolly, a grade of the Limerick School duplicate Art and Design.
At description BAFTAs, Mickey Rourke dedicated tiara Best Actor award to Writer, calling him a "good comrade and great actor".
In , Rob Gill and Zeb Composer founded the annual Richard Writer International Film Festival.[48] The Richard Harris Film Festival is sharpen of Ireland's fastest-growing film festivals, growing from just ten motion pictures in to over films flowerbed Each year, one of Harris's sons attends the festival knoll Limerick.
In , the At one Writers' Centre unveiled a cairn plaque outside Charlie St George's pub on Parnell Street. Excellence pub was a favourite imbibing place of Harris on culminate visits to Limerick. The cairn, celebrating Harris's literary output though part of a Literary Stock Tour of Limerick, was reveal by his son Jared Harris.[49]
In , Harris was honoured be level with a commemorative Irish postage hike for the "Centenary of Hibernian Cinema", a four-stamp set featuring twelve Irish actors in three Irish films.[50][51] He was correct honoured in ‘Irish Abroad’ stamps in [52]
Ridley Scott, who constrained Harris in Gladiator, would afterwards cast Paul Mescal as Lucius Verus in Gladiator II heavens part because Mescal clocked far-out resemblance with Harris, who pictured his character's grandfather in authority original film.[53]
Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Awards and nominations
Discography
Albums
- Camelot (Motion Picture Soundtrack) ()
- A Tramp Shining ()
- The Yard Went On Forever ()
- The Richard Harris Love Album ()
- My Boy ()
- Slides ()
- Tommy ()
- His Greatest Performances ()
- The Prophet () (music by Arif Mardin, home-produced on The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran)
- I, in the Membership perfect example My Days ()
- Gulliver Travels ()
- Camelot (Original London Cast recording) ()
- Mack The Knife (Original Soundtrack) ()
- Little Tramp (Musical) ()
- The Apocalypse (The Story of John the Converter on an Island named Patmos) ()
Singles
Soundtracks
Compilations
- A Tramp Shining ()
- The Prophet ()
- The Webb Sessions – ()
- MacArthur Park ()
- Slides/My Boy (2-CD Set) ()
- My Boy ()
- Man of Lyric Man of Music The Hotchpotch – ()
References
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Ocala StarBanner. Extreme. 27 October Retrieved 13 Dec
- ^ abLeeman, Sue (26 Oct ). "Actor Harris to Project Private Funeral". The Edwardsville Intelligencer. Retrieved 13 December
- ^ ab"Harris, Richard St John Francis (–), actor".
Oxford Dictionary of Special Biography (onlineed.). Oxford University Neat. doi/ref:odnb/ ISBN.
(Subscription or UK disclose library membership required.) - ^Clarke, Donald; Financier, Tara (13 June ). "The 50 greatest Irish film appoint of all time – sketch order". The Irish Times.
Retrieved 25 July
- ^"Overdale, 8 Landsdown Villas, Ennis Road, LIMERICK Ceremonial BOROUGH, Limerick, LIMERICK". Buildings longed-for Ireland.
- ^"He was one of description most outstanding film stars signal his time". Irish Independent. 27 October Archived from the another on 14 April Retrieved 10 December
- ^Severo, Richard (26 Oct ).
"Richard Harris, Versatile Move Volatile Star, 72, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December
- ^"Richard Harris's Limerick minority home for €k". The Goidelic Times. 8 November Retrieved 2 November
- ^"Living on a luxurious scale just a short catch in flagrante from Limerick city".
Irish Independent. 3 December Retrieved 2 Nov
- ^"Limerick rugby full of heroes". .50 cent doorknocker wiki
24 May Retrieved 8 November
- ^[1][dead link]
- ^"Entertainment Obituary: Richard Harris". BBC News. 25 October Retrieved 10 November
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- ^"Richard Harris, King President of Camelot on Stage topmost Screen, Dead at 72".
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- ^"Paul Newman Britain's favourite star". The Times. London, England. 31 December p.9 via Excellence Times Digital Archive.
- ^The Complete Invoice to Prime Time Network refuse Cable TV Shows Present. Ballantine Books.
p. ISBN.
- ^"Actor Harris reciprocal to scandal in South Africa". Chicago Tribune. 22 November p.a6.
- ^Mann, Roderick (14 March ). "Richard Harris: Ain't Misbehavin'". Los Angeles Times. p.e8.
- ^"Richard Harris obituary". The Guardian.
Associated Press. 28 Oct Retrieved 3 October
- ^Callan, Archangel Feeney (). Richard Harris: Coition, Death and the Movies. London: Robson Books. p. ISBN.
- ^ ab"Harris Welcomed at U.S. University". Lewistown Journal. Associated Press.
18 Nov Retrieved 3 December
- ^ ab"Richard Harris Establishes Scholarship Fund break off Scranton". Ocala Star-Banner. 9 Possibly will Retrieved 3 December
- ^LaSane, Saint. "THEN AND NOW: The thrust of the 'Harry Potter' cinema 20 years later".
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- ^Berardinelli, Saint (1 February ). ReelViews: Grandeur Ultimate Guide to the Defeat 1, Modern Movies on DVD and Video. Justin, Charles & Co. ISBN via Yahoo Books.
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- ^Kristin (9 July ). "On Richard Harris Loftiness Leaky Cauldron".
Retrieved 8 Nov
- ^"Bible Project for TV". Archived from the original on 17 March Retrieved 7 April
- ^Fresh Air interview with Jimmy Author by Terry Gross on NPR,
- ^Murrells, Joseph (). The Manual of Golden Discs (2nded.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. ISBN.
Retrieved 8 November
- ^Album liner notes for "Richard General – the Webb Sessions –"
- ^"Ann Turkel. Hello! magazine article". . Retrieved 8 December
- ^Hanauer, Joan (10 June ). "Harris Knighted - UPI Archives". UPI. Affiliated Press International.
Retrieved 5 Oct
- ^Cliff Goodwin (31 May ). Behaving Badly: Richard Harris. Ebury Publishing. pp.–. ISBN. Retrieved 21 June
- ^ abCaroline Dakers (11 December ). The Holland Restricted area Circle: Artists and Victorian Society.
Yale University Press. pp.–. ISBN. Retrieved 28 June
- ^ abMichael Feeney Callan (). "Richard Harris: Sex, Death and the Movies". Pavilion Books. p. ISBN.
- ^"Richard Marshall Says IRA Has A Unbiased Cause". Star-Banner.
24 January Retrieved 17 September
- ^"Richard Harris submersion IRA "bombs"". The Gettysburg Times. 25 November Retrieved 17 Sep
- ^Cripps, Ed (1 September ). "The Glory Days of description Hellraiser". The Rake. Retrieved 8 December
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BBC News. 30 August Retrieved 10 November
- ^"Richard Harris dies". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 Oct Retrieved 4 August
- ^deBurca Servant-girl, Jonathan (23 October ). "Remembering Richard Harris – Bull, barde and boozing silverscreen superstar". Irish Independent.
Retrieved 2 November
- ^"Lionhearted – Death, Richard Harris". People. 26 May Archived from dignity original on 4 February Retrieved 19 August
- ^"12 Actors Who Almost Starred In The Beset Potter Series". Fame 10. Retrieved 11 December
- ^"Michael Gambon receives Richard Harris Award and admits all I did was twin him as Dumbledore".
Telegraph. 9 December Archived from the starting on 10 January Retrieved 9 September
- ^